Baya (Arabic: بيعة bayʻah) is an Islamic term that literally means "pledge of allegiance". It is a ritualized act of allegiance to a leader or a cause. In Islam, baya is considered to be a sacred act that binds the follower to the leader in a moral and spiritual sense.
The concept of baya is mentioned in the Quran in several verses, such as:
"O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you." (4:59)
"And give your allegiance to Allah and His Messenger and to those who are in authority among you." (24:56)
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) also emphasized the importance of baya, saying:
"The best of people are those who pledge allegiance to me and fulfill their pledge." (Sahih Bukhari)
There are two types of baya:
Baya al-imamah: This is the pledge of allegiance to a political leader, such as a caliph or a king or Imam of the time (Shia Isamailis).
Baya al-jihaad: This is the pledge of allegiance to a cause, such as the fight against oppression or injustice.
The baya ceremony is usually performed in front of a large gathering of people. The leader or the cause to which the allegiance is being pledged is represented by a person who stands in front of the crowd. The followers then come forward one by one and place their hands in the hands of the representative, as a sign of their allegiance.
The baya ceremony is a solemn and sacred act that is meant to bind the follower to the leader or the cause in a moral and spiritual sense. It is a way of showing that the follower is willing to obey and support the leader or the cause, even if it means sacrificing their own life.
The concept of baya is still practiced today by Muslims all over the world. It is a way of showing allegiance to the leaders of their respective countries, as well as to the causes that they believe in.
Bayat al Rizwan: Surah Al-Fath [48:10] of the Quran.
The pact of Ridwan at al-Hudaybiyyah which took place under a tree, the Samurah tree; those present at this pact were about 1500 people, and swore allegiance to the Prophet of Allah which, among others, entailed giving counsel, help and not running away [in war].
The translation of the verse is as follows:
“Indeed, those who pledge allegiance to you, [O Muhammad] - they are actually pledging allegiance to Allah . The hand of Allah is over their hands. So he who breaks his word only breaks it to the detriment of himself. And he who fulfills that which he has promised Allah - He will give him a great reward.”
This is a portion of the entire surah. View more context, or the entire surah.
Sahih International
Indeed, those who pledge allegiance to you, [O Muhammad] - they are actually pledging allegiance to Allah . The hand of Allah is over their hands. So he who breaks his word only breaks it to the detriment of himself. And he who fulfills that which he has promised Allah - He will give him a great reward.
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