Favorite Qasaid

 

Qasida

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Qasida: Any poem of a certain length in Arabic, Persian or Turkish. In the religious traditions of the Ismailis, the qasida refers to religious and devotional poetry.

Qasida is a beautiful and complex poetic form with a rich history. Here's a breakdown of its key aspects:

Origin and Meaning:

• The word "qasida" is of Arabic origin, meaning "intention" or "purpose."

• It refers to a specific type of poem, traditionally found in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish literature.

Structure and Form:

• Qasidas are typically long poems, ranging from 15 to 100 lines or even longer.

• They follow a specific structure with a single meter and rhyme scheme throughout the poem.

• The poem is usually divided into sections with distinct themes and purposes.

Content and Themes:

• Traditionally, qasidas were used for various purposes, including:

• Praise poems (madīḥ): Praising a patron, leader, or loved one.

• Elegies (ritha'): Lamenting the death of someone.

• Satire (hijā'): Criticizing or mocking someone or something.

• Love poems (ghazāl): Expressing emotions of love and longing.

• In the religious traditions of the Ismailis, qasidas specifically refer to religious and devotional poetry praising God, the Prophet Muhammad, and the Ismaili Imams.

Examples of Famous Qasidas:

• Imru' al-Qais: A pre-Islamic Arabic poet known for his vivid imagery and passionate love poems.

• Nizar Qabbani: A 20th-century Syrian poet who wrote widely about love, femininity, and social issues.

• Al-Mutanabbi: A 10th-century Arabic poet famous for his mastery of language and self-assured style.

Qasida's Legacy:

• The qasida has played a significant role in the development of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish literature.

• It continues to inspire contemporary poets and serves as a valuable source of historical and cultural information.

I hope this explanation provides a comprehensive overview of Qasida poetry. If you'd like to explore further, I can share some specific examples of Qasidas or delve deeper into the unique styles and themes employed by different poets.

Impact of over-tourism in Hunza

 Hunza is a beautiful valley in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It is a popular tourist destination due to its stunning scenery, rich culture, and friendly people. However, overtourism, which is the influx of too many tourists to a particular destination, is starting to have a negative impact on Hunza.

Here are some of the negative impacts of over-tourism in Hunza:

• Environmental degradation: Overtourism can lead to environmental degradation, such as pollution, deforestation, and soil erosion. This is because tourists often generate a lot of waste, and they can also damage fragile ecosystems.

• Social and cultural problems: Overtourism can also lead to social and cultural problems. For example, it can lead to overcrowding, noise pollution, and increased crime. It can also lead to the erosion of local culture and traditions.

• Economic inequality: Overtourism can also lead to economic inequality. This is because the benefits of tourism often go to a small number of people, such as hotel owners and tour operators. Local residents may not see much benefit from tourism, and they may even be displaced from their homes and communities.

Here are some ways to mitigate the negative impacts of over-tourism in Hunza:

• Educate tourists: One way to mitigate the negative impacts of overtourism is to educate tourists about the importance of responsible tourism. Tourists should be encouraged to minimize their impact on the environment and to respect local culture and traditions.

• Spread out tourism: Another way to mitigate the negative impacts of overtourism is to spread out tourism. This could be done by promoting less popular tourist destinations and by encouraging tourists to visit during the off-season.

• Invest in sustainable tourism: The government and the private sector can also invest in sustainable tourism initiatives. This could include developing eco-friendly tourism infrastructure, supporting local businesses, and promoting community-based tourism.

It is important to note that tourism is an important source of income for Hunza. However, it is important to manage tourism in a sustainable way so that it does not have a negative impact on the environment, society, and culture of Hunza.

Robert Wright

 

Robert Wright

Colonial history writer, with particular interests in the Indian sub-continent including Pakistan. Lives in Tiverton, Devon, United Kingdom.

Letters From Hunza: Adventures in the Karakoram Foothills (Hunza Histories Book 3) 05-May-2020

by Robert Wright

Rebellion in Gilgit: The Man for the Hour (Hunza Histories Book 2)

Hunza and the Raj: British Involvement in the Karakoram Mountains 1876 – 1946. (Hunza Histories Book 1) 16-May-2020

by Robert Wright

Hunza and the Raj: British Involvement in the Karakoram Mountains 1876 – 1946. (Hunza Histories Book 1)
by Robert Wright 

In the latter half of the 19th century Britain’s defence policies in regard to India’s north-west frontier were increasingly dictated by Russia’s swift expansion of empire eastwards across Central Asia, in which they annexed a chain of decaying Moslem Khanates to the north of Afghanistan. By 1876 they had captured Tashkent, Samarkand, Bokhara, Khiva, and Khokand, and had crossed the Alai mountains until they were drawn up along the western border of Chinese Turkestan; from where they were surveying the Wakhan Pamir, directly to the north of Hunza and Gilgit, as their next acquisition.

It was known that the Cossack army, spread wide across the barren Steppe, dreamed of nothing finer than swelling their ranks with cutthroat tribes enlisted along the way in a charge towards lush and exotic South, with Kashmir as their first prize. It was also known that successive Tsars had coveted a warm-water port on the shores of the Arabian Sea, by way of Persia, in order to increase their military capabilities and trade, and thereby further threaten Britain’s possession of India.

The petty chiefs along this frontier were seen either as ‘puppets of the British’, or as ‘creatures of the Tsar’, and so Russia’s evident interest across the Pamir mountains led to a race to map the dwindling unexplored areas of wilderness remaining between the two empires so that first influence could be claimed over them.

Other than selected gifted officers there were no lower ranking white British troops ever posted to the sensitive Gilgit frontier. Where the history was of tyrants, royal patricides, and few heroes; of the cruelties of slavery and the drudgery of serfdom; alleviated by the tribal pastime of looting the silk route caravans, nomads with herds of yaks for transport. In 1862 it was reported to the British Agent in Leh that ten richly laden caravans had been robbed – meanwhile the Abolitionists in Parliament saw the Chinese slave markets of Kashgar and Yarkhand as the blackest blots left on earth.

A state of affairs that was to be overturned by stories of the young subalterns’ gung-ho battles and camaraderie framed in isolation amidst a sublime mountain chain. With only 16 officers theirs was an astonishing campaign to train and lead a rag-bag army of Gurkhas, Afghan rogues, and Kashmir Dogra troops, all of them speaking several languages, and then show them the way to force open a bandits’ stronghold.

Those mostly young officers had to think for themselves, behave confidently, be devoted and robust in spirit, and ever determined to do what they saw as right. ‘Forward policy’ on the border demanded such qualities. Their initial campaigns hardly needed their provoking, and although small were as thrilling as they could hope for in which to win their medals and promotions.

For its physical and political geography, and for the unique scientific discoveries abounding in the area, Hunza is simply the most extraordinary valley I know of in the greater Himalayan chain. The only things they ever had an abundance of were rocks and ice; and their greatest achievement is that from such unfavourable beginnings they have created the most peaceful, least fanatical, best educated and well organised gardened valley in Pakistan today.

A secondary intention has been to represent some more friendly experiences of Pakistan, rather than the dire ‘bad press’ the country receives in the West, as in four visits between 1970 and 1988, totalling a year in the country, I never had any trouble with anyone whatsoever. To archaeologists, anthropologists, mountaineers, and elitist back-packers Pakistan is well known as one of the most exciting and hospitable countries in the world.

The book is lavishly illustrated both with old photos of the historic characters within, as well my own Kodchrome slide photos of this vast mountain environment.

Rebellion in Gilgit: The Man for the Hour (Hunza Histories Book 2)

"Truth is a perishable commodity; considerable care must be exercised in shipping it around the world." – Peter Fleming.
It is not an historian’s job to offer his opinions, nor is it duty to take sides in bygone disputes – and when his balanced work is finished his conscience should be clear that he wronged none of the statesmen or soldiers who played their part in great events.
There is a second popular school of British history writers who see it as their duty to eat shame for our erstwhile Empire and look for every chance to sharpen their pen accusingly at their countrymen’s misdeeds. This is a fashionable policy, accepted in British literary circles as politically correct – and one which rewards their authors with sales figures and acclaim.
Alas, in the foreign field, there is a third rustic school of local history writing in which heart-felt beliefs have become indisputable facts. Your Facebook know-it-all will adamantly stand by the prejudices of his grandfathers’ and will hear of no other version of events. They are easily found online, where they vent their anger at the present political situation in Gilgit, and turn past heroes into cowards to blame for it.
One such maligned hero is Major William Brown MBE, for whom the compelling reason to write this book is that I felt that such an extraordinary commander has been greatly wronged in print. In later years, on a Calcutta pavement at night, he was very nearly beaten to death as he was seen only as an enemy of the Sikhs; whereas in fact he had saved hundreds more civilian Sikh lives, than the few score of soldiers killed in fair battle on his orders.
Undoubtedly it was Major Brown, along with his second-in-command Captain Jock Matheison, who secretly and intelligently master-minded and led the Liberation of Gilgit from Kashmiri occupation in 1947 – yet there are many liberated Gilgitis today who believe him to have been a coward and a traitor.
This unique and extraordinary story is written in defence of a 25 year old Scottish officer who seized a huge tract of land from India, including most of the vast Karakoram mountain range with K2, Nanga Parbat, and then handed the area over to Pakistan. He achieved this feat with a minimal death toll too. This was exactly what the vast majority of people in Gilgit and Baltistan were clamouring for at the time. He had served them faithfully and with great success and so the people gave him a hero’s ceremonial departure, with many dashing forward to touch his stirrup, just to tell their grandchildren.
Today the younger Gilgitis have turned against Brown, cursing him as the one who gave away their Independence – whereas in fact it was their grandfathers who saw greatest faith and hope in joining Pakistan, which seemed to be a pure and shining new Islamic country to them. Yet still with no vote, and therefore with no elected Member in their erstwhile ‘National parliament’, the Gilgitis find themselves overrun by down-country immigrants – who look down on them just as the Kashmiri Dogras had done before them.
Yet what Major Brown knew to be a solid certainty was that with the internal division of three religions among them, with potential enemies in valleys all around, and with the aggressive USSR hovering just fifty miles away, Independence was by far the most dangerous and unworkable solution. So as the only option he promoted Pakistan as the safest country to harbour them – and all the hill chiefs agreed with him.
When one looks at the comparative heartbreaking history of Indian occupied Kashmir, then one has to say he has been perfectly vindicated.


Letters From Hunza: Adventures in the Karakoram Foothills (Hunza Histories Book 3) 05-May-2020

For its physical and political geography, and for the unique scientific discoveries abounding in the Karakoram mountains, Hunza is simply the most extraordinary valley I know of in the greater Himalayan chain. Consequently I have found no need to perpetuate the trite myths of Shangri La, or the ‘Hunzas’ perfect diet’, or of their fabled longevity. The only thing this humble Ismaili community ever had an abundance of were rocks – and their greatest achievement is that from such unfavourable beginnings they have created the most peaceful, least fanatical, best educated and well organised valley in Pakistan today.
These present stories and essays are taken from notes written during two visits to Hunza totalling nine months in 1987 and 1988. Some were originally intended to be included in my British colonial history titled "Hunza and the Raj", which, after several years of wide ranging research, had simply become too long. So this potentially useful trekking journal mostly deals with my personal experiences of the Hunza, as well as giving plenty of local informative. I have published these notes separately here as a complimentary supplement for those who have read the full work – and also as a taster for those who have not.
A secondary intention has been to represent some more friendly experiences of Pakistan, rather than the dire ‘bad press’ the country receives in the West, as in four visits between 1970 and 1988, totalling a year in the country, I never had any trouble whatsoever. To archaeologists, anthropologists, mountaineers, and elitist back-packers Pakistan is well known as one of the most exciting and hospitable countries in the world.
The 24 photos included were taken on Kodachrome slide film during my second visit.

Research- CAK

 MORE ON, UNESCO REPORT

Culture Area Karakorum Research Project in the Northern Areas, Pakistan: proceedings of the Pak-German Joint Workshop on .... held on 1-3 Dec 1991 at Lahore, Pakistan

Dissemination of Research in GB - My Proposal

Students and Scholars engaged in research on multitude of topics can be more helpful to the society if they get disseminated through a single platform. I propose that such a platform be sponsored either by KIU or BHT. In my view it is feasible to launch the platform without any additional resources - budget or structures.

Till such time, I offer use of existing platform "KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY INITIATIVE" - available on FACEBOOK as well as blogs initiated by me since a couple of years.

EXAMPLES

1. I have already shared the abstract and links to an exhaustive and exemplary research done by CAK over a period of almost 50-years and covered through 12-volumes.

2.  Nazmeen from hussainabad hunza, is doing Ms from Quaid-e-Azam university, and has undertaken the research on " the relationship between the Mir's and the public in the princely state of Hunza (1947-1974)". Once it is completed and approved by the university, she should be able to share it through the proposed platform.

https://gbheritage.net

Cultural Heritage Inventory of Gilgit-Baltistan

Based on the first cycle a master plan for an inventory project, led by Ms. Yasmin Cheema, was prepared in 2000. The intention of this project was to document the cultural heritage of the Northern Areas and give it appropriate recognition. The work involved inventorying and cataloguing this heritage, setting criteria, determining priorities, and recommending measures for conservation and protection.

Hermann Kreutzman (ed.). Karakoram in Transition: Culture, Development and Ecology in the Hunza Valley. Oxford University Press, Karachi, Pakistan. 2006. 500 pp. INR 895 (Hardcover). ISBN 0-19-547210-1.

Since the late nineteenth century, the Hunza valley has been the subject of much academic and popular writing. British administrators were intrigued by this region due to its strategic location at the northern frontier of their empire, which had to be guarded against the advancing Russians in the 'great game' of imperial rivalry. Traversing the majestic peaks and glaciers at this frontier, discovering and describing its uncharted terrains, and investigating the racial and cultural connotations of why the main language of its inhabitants (burushaski) was a linguistic isolate, all added to the mystique of Hunza for Western explorers. Today, the Hunza valley forms a major tourist hub in the Northern Areas of Pakistan, and continues to pique the interest of travelers with images of the ancient silk route, rare wildlife species, the famed longevity of its dwellers, and of course, its breathtaking landscapes.

In the last three decades, the political and socio-economic landscape of Hunza valley has been significantly transformed by a variety of factors including the opening of the Karakoram highway, the abolition of princely kingdoms leading to more direct control by the Pakistani state, increase in donor-funded development projects and the marketisation of the economy. Such processes of change have been extensively studied by a collective of mostly German researchers under the 'Culture Area Karakoram' (CAK) project [1]. The edited volume under review continues this focus on 'transition', and includes articles by several authors who were associated with the CAK project. Hence, it reads like a continuation of this project even though it is not presented as such.

1.  'environment and resources' : In his article on Hunza glaciers, Kenneth Hewitt attends to a timely concern by exploring the links between glacial processes, natural hazards and climate change. Hewitt argues that since the 1920s, there has been a general reduction in the ice cover in the Hunza basin as well as in the incidence of large ice dams and outburst floods. At the same time, there have also been periods in which several large ice masses have thickened. 
2. Apart from chapters on glaciers, the first section also includes one article each on Hunza's vegetation, wildlife and forests. The article on Hunza forests by Udo Schickhoff is particularly insightful, as it draws upon the science, history and politics of forest use in the Hunza valley to provide a rich, interdisciplinary analysis of forest degradation in the region. 
3. The next section on 'history and memory' is exciting in its variety of subject as well as method. Everyday tales, local songs, colonial photographs and rock inscriptions are some of the objects that are employed for historical inquiry, to answer a range of questions: for example how do the historical and the mythical fuse together in oral accounts of the past, or, how can changes in the physical and cultural landscape of a place be captured through the act of reading old photographs alongside contemporary ones.
4. Similarly, Irmtraud Stellrecht challenges Sidky's [2] famous thesis that political centralisation in the Hunza state was primarily achieved through the construction of irrigation channels and subsequent control over newly cultivated lands by the ruling Mirs. Instead, he compellingly argues that a decisive external factor which enabled state formation in Hunza was the rising political significance of the passage to Central Asia, as it created conditions in which the Mirs could take advantage of 'route politics' for consolidating their power. Moreover, as Stellrecht emphasises, the history of princely statehood in Hunza also needs to take into account less emphasised internal factors such as the 'marital politics' of the Hunza Mirs through which political alliances were forged and loyalties secured.
5. Another interesting contribution in this section is a chapter by Beate Reinhold, which provides a discussion of linguistic transition in the upper Hunza region of Gojal. The Gojali language of Wakhi has attracted significant academic attention in recent years, with the result that Wakhi vocabulary, grammar and oral traditions are fairly well documented. However, as Reinhold points out, less attention has been paid to how Wakhi is spoken in everyday life, particularly by women. She goes on to analyse how linguistic habits and preferences are changing in the contemporary context of migration and modern education in Gojal.
6. Hermann Kreutzmann-who is also the editor of the volume-provides a comprehensive analysis of how the agricultural and pastoral economy of Hunza has changed over the last seventy years. His article is rich in archival research as well as ethnographic detail, and like Schickhoff's article on forest degradation discussed earlier, illuminates an understanding of agricultural science, history, political economy and social relations in unique and compelling ways. We learn that animal husbandry in the Hunza region was of tremendous importance historically, as grazing taxes in the form of livestock and their products constituted a chief source of revenue for the Hunza state, and were thus critical for its sustenance. This gave a measure of power to affluent nomadic communities in upper Hunza, and also resulted in frequent conflicts between communities and the Hunza Mir over the control of pastures. 
7. The final section on 'culture and development' is different from the other sections in at least two ways. First, it includes articles not just by academics, but also by practitioners who have been actively involved in key development projects in the Hunza valley. Second, it also includes perspectives from local researchers, not just foreign ones. Both these factors bring a refreshing diversity to the volume.
8. Thematically, there is a prominent focus on the built heritage of Hunza in this section, and particularly on the work of the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC). Stefano Bianca's article, for example, elaborates how the AKTC has sought to unite concerns of culture as well as development, by undertaking the conservation of monuments, village settlements and public spaces in Hunza with the participation and ownership of local communities. The work of AKTC has enhanced local awareness about managing urban sprawl, and also led to a revitalisation of traditional building techniques.

As a member on AKCSP Board 1996-1999, upgraded the house as a model residence for present age living essentials - for emulation as a living example.

The preface of Karakoram in Transition mentions that it is particularly aimed at the 'young generation of students and scientists in Pakistan and in the Northern Areas in particular as a basis for further research efforts' (p. vii). In this, it surely succeeds as it provides an excellent index of current research on the Hunza valley.

Stellrecht, I. (ed.). 1997. Perspectives on History and Change in the Karakoram, Hindukush, and Himalaya. Culture Area Karakorum Scientific Studies Köln, Köppe, Germany; and Stellrecht, I. (ed.). 1998. Karakorum-Hindukush-Himalaya: Dynamics of Change. Culture Area Karakorum Scientific Studies Köln, Köppe, Germany. 

Publications - numbering twelve volumes - are available in the BHT library for reading by all interested.

• Volume 12
• Cultural Analysis of Politics, Law and Religion in Pakistan
• Author: Muhammad Azam Chaudhary.
• Volume 11
• Verwandtschaft, Geschlecht und Raum
• Author: Katrin Gratz.
• Volume 10
• Frauen und Feen
• Author: Maria Marhoffer-Wolff.
• Volume 9
• Rechtspluralismus in den Northern Areas / Pakistan
• Author: Sabine Lentz.
• Volume 8
• Ein Labyrinth von Identitäten in Nordpakistan
• Author: Martin Sökefeld.
• Volume 7
• Freundschaft und Macht
• Author: Wiegand Jahn.
• Volume 6
• Mountain Societies in Transition
• Edited by: Andreas Dittmann. With contributions by: Jürgen Clemens, Andreas Dittmann, Eckart Ehlers, Reinhard Fischer, Hiltrud Herbers [show more…].
• Volume 5
• Transformation of Social and Economic Relationships in Northern Pakistan
• Edited by: Irmtraud Stellrecht, Hans-Georg Bohle. With contributions by: Hans-Georg Bohle, Christoph Dittrich, Benno Pilardeaux, Irmtraud Stellrecht, Martin Sökefeld.
• Volume 4.I + 4.II
• Karakorum – Hindukush – Himalaya
• Edited by: Irmtraud Stellrecht. With a preface by: Irmtraud Stellrecht. With contributions by: Tor Aase, Shafeeq Ahmad, Yuri Badenkov, Zhang Baiping, Elena Bashir [show more…].
• Volume 3
• Perspectives on History and Change in the Karakorum, Hindukush, and Himalaya
• Edited by: Irmtraud Stellrecht, Matthias Winiger. With contributions by: Muhammad Azam Chaudhary, Jürgen Clemens, Thomas Cramer, Andreas Dittmann, Christoph Dittrich [show more…].
• Volume 2
• The Past in the Present
• Edited by: Irmtraud Stellrecht. With contributions by: Ruth Göhlen, Roland Hansen, Wolfgang Holzwarth, Johannes H. Löhr, Maria Marhoffer-Wolff [show more…].
• Volume 1
• Bibliography – Northern Pakistan
• Edited by: Irmtraud Stellrecht.

• Other contributions

  • 60 Jahre Institut für Ethnologie und Afrikastudien
    ISBN 978-3-89645-814-8
    Edited by: Anna-Maria Brandstetter, Carola Lentz. With contributions by: Renate Ammann, Ulli Beier, Wolfgang Bender, Brigitta Benzing, Thomas Bierschenk, Anna-Maria Brandstetter, Georg Buddruss, Alfons M. Dauer, Eike de Vries, Manfred K.H. Eggert, Rosemarie K. Eggert, Christraud Geary, Thomas Geider †, Volker Gottowik, Gerhard Grohs †, Gerhard Hauck, Raimund Kastenholz, Christoph Klein, Carola Lentz, Lorenz G. Löffler, Mabiala Mantuba-Ngoma, Ernst Wilhelm Müller, Horst Nachtigall, Anja Oed, Julia Rajkovic-Kamara, Anette Rein, Uta Reuster-Jahn, Susanne Schröter, Signe Seiler, Peter Snoy †, Irmtraud Stellrecht, Bernhard Streck, Ivo Strecker, Annika Wieckhorst, Jürgen Zwernemann. Series edited by: Thomas Bierschenk, Anna-Maria Brandstetter, Raimund Kastenholz, Matthias Krings, Carola Lentz.
    Series Mainzer Beiträge zur Afrikaforschung Volume 14
  • Karakorum – Hindukush – Himalaya
    ISBN 978-3-89645-154-5
    Edited by: Irmtraud Stellrecht. With a preface by: Irmtraud Stellrecht. With contributions by: Tor Aase, Shafeeq Ahmad, Yuri Badenkov, Zhang Baiping, Elena Bashir, Erhard Bauer, Roland Bielmeier, Gerald Braun, David Butz, Muhammad Azam Chaudhary, Janardan B. Khatri Chhetri, Jürgen Clemens, Sandra de Vries, Andreas Dittmann, Zheng Du, Inayatullah Faizi, Umar Farooq, Firdaus-e-Bareen, Reinhard Fischer, Monique Fort, Katrin Gratz, Kim Gutschow, Niels Gutschow, Ruth Göhlen, Roland Hansen, John Harrison, Muhammad Hassan Hasrat, Kenneth Hewitt, Wolfgang Holzwarth, Syed H. Iqbal, Lasafam Iturrizaga, Jack D. Ives, Jens-Peter Jacobsen, Zahid Javed Janjua, Maheshwar P. Joshi, Parveen Daud Kamal, Aleem Ahmed Khan, Mohammad Anwar Khan, Mohammad Ishaq Khan, Muhammad Ayaz Khan, Sudibya Kanti Khisa, Christian Kleinert, Monika Krengel, Hermann Kreutzmann, Matthias Kuhle, Antje Linkenbach, Fateh Mohammad Malik, Sigrid Meiners, Irina Alekseevna Merzliakova, Georg Miehe, Sabine Miehe, Daniel J. Miller, John Mock, Ulrike Müller-Böker, Saeed Ahmad Nagra, M. Jamal Nasir, Marcus Nüsser, Shekhar Pathak, Claudia Polzer, Rafiq Ahmed Rajput, Charles Ramble, Mohammad Said, Mohammad Salim, George B. Schaller, Udo Schickhoff, Uwe Schmidt, Christian G. Seeber, Nawang Tsering Shakspo, Chiranjivi Sharma, Abdul Ghani Sheikh, Harjit Singh, Joëlle Smadja, Irmtraud Stellrecht, Wu Sugong, Nejima Susuma, Martin Sökefeld, Haruko Tsuchiya, Hugh van Skyhawk, Juan José Victoria, Fei Yong, Yang Yongping. Series edited by: Irmtraud Stellrecht.
    Series Culture Area Karakorum Volume 4.I + 4.II
  • Perspectives on History and Change in the Karakorum, Hindukush, and Himalaya
    ISBN 978-3-89645-153-8
    Edited by: Irmtraud Stellrecht, Matthias Winiger. With contributions by: Muhammad Azam Chaudhary, Jürgen Clemens, Thomas Cramer, Andreas Dittmann, Christoph Dittrich, Thierry Dodin, Jürgen W. Frembgen, Rainer Graafen, Roland Hansen, Hiltrud Herbers, Thomas Hoffmann, Monika Krengel, Sabine Lentz, Antje Linkenbach, Johannes H. Löhr, Ulrike Müller-Böker, Marcus Nüsser, Joanna Pfaff-Czarnecka, Benno Pilardeaux, Andreas Rieck, Udo Schickhoff, Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt, Klaus Seeland, Irmtraud Stellrecht, Martin Sökefeld, Susanne von der Heide, Claus Peter Zoller. Series edited by: Irmtraud Stellrecht.
    Series Culture Area Karakorum Volume 3
  • The Past in the Present
    ISBN 978-3-89645-152-1
    Edited by: Irmtraud Stellrecht. With contributions by: Ruth Göhlen, Roland Hansen, Wolfgang Holzwarth, Johannes H. Löhr, Maria Marhoffer-Wolff, Andreas Rieck, Monika Schneid, Irmtraud Stellrecht, Martin Sökefeld. Series edited by: Irmtraud Stellrecht.
    Series Culture Area Karakorum Volume 2
  • Transformation of Social and Economic Relationships in Northern Pakistan
    ISBN 978-3-89645-155-2
    Edited by: Irmtraud Stellrecht, Hans-Georg Bohle. With contributions by: Hans-Georg Bohle, Christoph Dittrich, Benno Pilardeaux, Irmtraud Stellrecht, Martin Sökefeld. Series edited by: Irmtraud Stellrecht.
    Series Culture Area Karakorum Volume 5